Projection device



Aug. 2, 1938. v. E. PRATT El AL PROJECTION DEVICE 9 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Nov. 18, 1936 INVENTOR5 Wsmvzw? E. Pjmrr BY Zmzqufnxwra ATTORNEY Aug..2, 1938. v. E. PRATT ET AL 2,125,582

PROJECTION DEVI CE Filed Nov. 18, 1936 9 Sheets-Sheet 3 U INVENTORS v VEENEl/XEPRATJ' L BY Z OLTAN' TAKATS ATTORNEY I Aug. 2, 1938. V. E. PRATT ET AL PROJECTION DEVICE Filed NOV. 18, 1936 9 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTORS VERNEUR BPmfl' ZOLTAN TAKATS ATTORNEY Aug. 2, 1938. .v. E. PRATT El AL PROJECTION DEVICE Filed Nov. 1a, 1936 9 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTORS Vzxnavx E. Paw-2' BY ZOLT'AN 7341mm ATTORNEY v. E. PRATT El AL 2,125,582

PROJECTION DEVICE Filed Ncv. 18, 1936 9 Sheets-Sheet 6 Aug. 2, 1938.

Aug. 2, 1938. v E. PRATT El AL 2,125,582

' PROJECTION DEVICE Filed Nov. 18, 1936 9 sheets-sheet 7 Hum w 1x INVENTORS VERNEUR EPxazZ BY ZDLTAN' TAKATS ATTORNEY v. E. PR'ATT ET AL Aug. 2, 1938.

' PROJECTION DE'VIGE Filed Ndv. 1a, 1936 9 Sheets-Sheet 9 INVENTORS Vazmsux E. PRaTr BY Zozmnr Tamra ATTORNEY Patented Aug. 2 1938 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFIC Takats, Leonia, N. J.,

assignors, by mesne assignments, to Plant Liquidation Corporation, a corporation of New Jersey Application November 18, 1936, Serial No. 111,438

18 Claims.

This invention relates to projection devices.

The principal object of the. invention is to provide suitable means to present reading matter, statistical data and the like in readily legible form by enlarged projection froma film.

Another object is to provide a device of the above character which is self contained and which gives a large magnification within a relatively small bulk. I 1

A further object is to provide a device of the above type adapted to selectively present parallel columns or pages extending longitudinally on the film strip.

Another purpose is to provide a device of the above character including improved means for holding, inserting and removing the film.

Another object is to provide a device of the above character including means to employ film without sprocket perforations and to utilize the entire width of the film for projection.

Another object is to 'provide a device of the above character in which generation of heat by the light source and the efiect of such heat are minimized.

A further object is to provide a device .of the above character wherein the film is protected from abrasion, dust and other destructive infiuences.

A still further object is to provide a device of the above type having improved driving means including forward and reverse drive by a single handle, rapid and slow speeds, and protective release for the film.

Other objects and advantages will appear during the course of the following description in connection with the attached drawings, in which Figure 3 is a cross'sect'ional view of the device,

Figure 1; g

Figure 4 is a front elevation of the same;

Figure 5 is a side elevation showing the control handle and ventilating means for the light source;

Figure 6 is a detail side view of the reversing drive gearing in position to drive the lower film reel;

Figure 7 is a similar view of the same in position to drive the upper reel;

Figure 8 is a fragmental cross sectional view of the same in lowspeed driving position;

Figure 9 is a detail end view of a driving hub, Figure 3;

Figure 10 is a side elevation of an alternative form of the driving gearing;

Figure 11 is a view of the same partly in vertical section;

Figure 12 is a cross sectional view of the lamp housing showing the light source and shifting means;

Figure l3,is a detail view of the lens carrier yoke and rail brackets;

Figure 14 shows a typical portion of perforated film;

Figure 15 isa similar view of a portion of unperforated film;

Figure 16 is a longitudinal sectional view of the cylindrical lens;

Figure 17 is afront end elevation of the film magazine;

Figure 18 is a front view of the same partly in section;

Figure 19 is a perspective view of the magazine with the cover plate removed;

Figure 20 is a rear side elevation of the same;

Figure 21 is a fragmental rearview of the magazine cover plate showing the film retracting device;

Figure 22 is a vertical longitudinal view of an alternative form of the projector partly in section;

Figure 23 shows the same viewed from the top in part section and with the cover removed;

Figure 24 is a detail view showing the linkage of the column or page selecting and indicating means in the projector shown in Figures 22 and 23; and

Figure 25 is a cross sectional detail view of the change speed gearing in the same.

Referring to Figures 1, 3, 4 and 5, the numeral 20 indicates a casing to the top of which is slidably attached a screen hood 2! held in'position by a locking spring 2| a. The rear end of the hood 2| fits over an upward extension 22 of casing 20.

Located inside the casing 20 and secured to the Y side wall 23 thereof is a lamp housing 24, shown in cross section in Figure 12. A horizontal plate 25 is slidable in grooved side rails 26 and'21 in the housing 24 and has formed thereon a sleeve 28 which carries a vertical lamp socket 29 holding a lamp 30.

A set screw 3| is provided in the sleeve 28 to allow for adjustable vertical setting of the socket and lamp.

A reflector 32 is secured to the plate 25 behind the lamp 30 by means of a bracket 33 as shown in Fi ure 1.

An upright shield 34, which may advantageous ly be formed as a continuation of the foot 35 of bracket 33, is mounted close to the front of lamp 30 and has a rectangular light slot 36 in line with the lamp filament 31. The upper' end 38 of the shield 34 is curved back to form a semi-circular arc overlying the lamp 30, as shown in Figure 1.

A rack 39 on the bottom of plate 25 meshes with a pinion 40 on a shaft 4I journalled in the housing 24. The rack and pinion described provide means of sliding the plate 25 in the rails 26 and 21 to shift the entire lamp, shield and re-' fiector assembly laterally when the shaft 4I is revolved in a manner hereinafter described. Flexible leads 42 and 43 connect the socket 29 with a current supply cord 44 through an insulating bushing 45 in the bottom of the housing 25.

Secured to-the outside of the wall 23 and forming a closure for the housing 24 is a plate 46 having lower and upper ventilating louvres 4? and 48 shown in Figures 5, 12 but omitted from Figure 1 in order to avoid confusing this view.

A bracket 49 is secured to the front of the lamp housing 24 as shown in Figures 1 and 16. The bracket 49 has two trunnion extensions 50 and 5I carrying inwardly directed tapered piv ots 52 and 53 engaging central bearing sockets 54 and 55 in end caps 56 and 51 on a cylindrical lens 56. The pivots 52 and 53 maybe threaded into the extensions 5| and 50 allowing accurate adjustment to permit the lens '53 to revolve freely but without wobble.

A film magazine 59, shown in perspective detail in Figure 19, is mounted on locating pins 60, Figure-3, secured in the side wall 23. The magazine comprises a body 6I containing holes 60a fonthe pins 60 and to which a closure plate 82 is removably attached by any suitable means such as screws 63 in threaded holes 64. The locating pins 60 have forward tapered portions 65 which assist in guiding the magazine into place thereon, and headless set screws' 66 are provided in the threaded holes 64 to engage the ends of the pins. Upon initial installation the set screws 66 may be adjusted to bring the magazine into proper registry with the other elements of the device.' The magazine is held in place by a spring pressed plunger 61 slidable in a socket 68 secured to a side plate 65, the side plate being hinged at I0 to the casing 20 and normally held closed by a suitable latch II.

The magazine 60 has in its rear side an armate depression I2 which embraces the revolving lens" 58 with a narrow clearance. A cavity I3, formed in the body 59 and extending laterally throughout almost the total width thereof, has a wall I4 which divides the interior ef the body 59 into upper and lower bays I6 and I6.

Film reels I1 and I8, disposed in the bays I6 and I6 respectively, have secured therein hollow inner pivots I9 and rotatable in the body 6I and outer pivots 8I and 82 rotatably supported in a spring plate 83. The spring plate 83 is located vertically .by means of a small pin 84 in' the body 6| and is retained in place by the plate 62.

The hubs 85 and 86 of reels I! and I8 carry film clamping means consisting of segments 81 and *88 separable from the main hubs and normally fastened thereto by means or screws 89, as shown in Figure 3. In placing a 'film 90 in the magazine the ends of the film are clamped between the segments and the hubs, .Small aligning pins 9I engage the usual perforations in ordinary film, central holes being punched to accommodate the screws 89. When normally ber II6 provided with an internal taper II'I gear I23.

also in mesh with the wide-faced pinions I28 transfer pinions I34 and I36, similarly pivoted rotary lens 58. 1

Bosses 94 and 95 on the wall 23, Figure 3, have threaded therein screws 96 and 91 rotatably supporting upper and lower driving hubs generally denoted by the numerals 98 and 99 and carrying pinions I00 and IN, Figures 6 and 1 7. In- Figures 5 and 6 the hubs are shown diagrammatically in order to clarify the description of the operation as hereinafter set forth.

As the driving hubs 98 and 99 are identical in structure, the upper hub 98 is broken away 2 in Figure 3 to show the structure behind it, and the following internal description of the lower hub will be understood to apply also to the upper hub. a

A sleeve I02, rotatably retained and guided on 2 the cylindrical head I03 of the screw 91, has secured thereto the pinion I9I noted above. A flanged bushing I04 is secured in the end of the sleeve I02 and rotatably supports a pin I05 having an exterior flange I06 and a splined 3 driving nose I01. i

A compression spring I08, disposed between the bushing I 04 and a cross pin I09 near the end of the pin I05, urges the flange I06 against a friction washer I06a between it and the bush- 3 and 98, the hollow pivots at thev same time serving as. pilots or bearing supports for the hubs. A large boss I II in the wall 23 has journalled therein a sleeve II2. Exterior and interior col- 4| lars H3 and H4 secured to the sleeve II2 re"- tain the latter in place longitudinally.- A shaft II5, rotatably and slidably fitted in. the sleeve II2, has secured to its outer end a crank memadapted to engage the tapered end II8 of the sleeve. The member II6 has a crank handle .IIie, and the hub I20 is shaped as a knob for making fine adjustments in a manner hereinafter described.

A small driving gear I29 is secured on a pilot I22 formed on the inner end of the shaft H5, and a second driving gear I23 of relatively large diameter is fastened on the inner end of the sleeve IIZ. ably mounted on the sleeve H2 and pilot I22 respectively, are fastened together by upper and lower spacer pins I26 and I21, Figures 3- and 6. Wide-faced pinions I28 and I29 are rotatably mounted on the pins I26 and I21 respectively and are permanently in mesh with. the large 0uter=transfer pinions I30 and I3I,

and I29, are mounted on pins I32 and I33 secured to the inner carrier plate I25. Inner to the plate I26, are in mesh with the outer transfer pinions I30 and I3I and are adapted to ,mesh with the small driving gear I 2I when the shaft II 6 is drawn outward to' thev right as 7| The reel's I8 and I1 are thus adapted to be driven by the hubs 99 Carrier plates I24 and I25, rotatshown in dot and dash lines, Figure 3, or as shown fully in Figure 8.

A leaf spring I36, Figures 3 and 8, is disposed between the carrier plate I24 and the large gear I23, urging the two apart and creating a light friction which tends to revolve the carrier'as the gear is revolved.

The pinions I and IOI on driving hubs 98 and 99 are disposed in the same plane as the wide-faced pinions I28 and I29 and are adapted to selectively mesh with them. When the carrier plates are swung counter-clockwise as shown in Figure 6, the pinion I29 moves into mesh with pinion I05. Similarly, if the plates are swung clockwise, the pinion I28 meshes with the pinion I00, as shown in Figure 7.

When the crank member H6 is in engagement with the tapered end of the sleeve II2 as shown in Figure 3 and is revolved, thesleeve I I2 revolves the large gear H3 and the friction of the leaf spring I36 causes the carrier plates and their attached gears to move as a unit until one of the outer wide-faced gears is carried into mesh with either the upper pinion I00 or lower pinion IOI, depending on the direction ofrotation as explained above.

As the pinions fall into mesh the plates may be restrained from further rotation by one or the other of two adjustable stops I31 and I38 secured to the wall 23, so that further rotation of the handle causes the-large gear to revolve between the plates, thereby driving the widefaced pinion and through it the pinion I00 or I M with which it is held in mesh. It will be understood, however, that stops I31 and I38 may be omitted where adjustability is not desired, in which case further unitary rotation is prevented by the hub pinions themselves.

By this means, the driving hub 98'and 99 is driven and in turn drives one of the reels 11 or 18. The direction in which either reel is driven is such as to wind the film on that reel, the friction of the spring plate 83, Figure 3, tending to restrain rotation of the other reel sufficiently to maintain the film taut in its passage over the rollers 92 and 93 and the revolving cylindrical lens 58. Revolving the crank member H6 in the reverse direction operates in the same way as described, driving the other reel and rewinding the film thereon.

Due to the relatively large diameter of the driving gear I23 with respect to the hub pinions I00 and NH, the action just described gives a rapid drive to the. reels relative to the crank speed. When the crank member is pulled out to release-the sleeve H2 and bring the small driving gear I2I into mesh with the inner transfer pinions I34 and I35, rotation of the crank member causes meshing of the driving device and rotation of the reels in the same manner as described above except that the drive takes place through the transfer gear trains, and due to the small diameter of the driving gear I2I the rotative speed imparted to the hub pinions and reels meshed pinions tends to assist the action of the spring I36 in holding the device in mesh.

- respective driving hub pinions.

An optional form of the gearing assembly is shown in Figures and 11. In this form a single pinion train comprises inner and outer transfer pinions I and 202, the latter in mesh with the upper wide-faced pinion 203. The inner transfer pinion 20I is adapted to mesh with the small driving gear 204. The large driving gear 205 is in mesh v-th both wide-faced pinions 203 and 203a and drives them as previously described when the device is in high speed driving position. When the low speed gearing is to be operated, the drive takes place through the single pinion train to the upper wide-faced pinion 203, from which the large gear 205 serves as transfer to transmit the rotation to the lower wide-faced pinion 203a. The leaf spring I36 is omitted and a torsion spring 206, woundin a groove 201 in the end-of the shaft 208, is hooked around the upper and lower arms of the inner carrier plate 209. a

The friction of the torsion spring 206 in groove 201 causes the assembly to revolve as a unit to bring the wide-faced pinions into mesh with their The spring 206 also exerts a longitudinal pressure on the shaft 208'tending to carry it to the right. This pressure is not sufficient to dislodge the taper in the crank member II6 from the sleeve H2 in high speed position, as shown in Figure 11, but serves to shift the small gear 204 into mesh with pinion 20I and hold it there when the taper has been released by the operator.

Secured to the inside of the front of the casing 20 are upper and lower rails I39 and I40 shown in Figures 1 and 13. A yoke member I4I has upper and lower tapered shoes I42 and I43 slidable in V-grooves I44 and I45 in the rails I39 and I40. Leaf springs I46 and I41 secured to the shoes and riding in the bottom of the V- grooves I44 and I45 hold the shoes firmly in any location, also insuring smooth and steady sliding of the shoes and preventing looseness and vibration of the yoke I4I..

A rack I48, secured to the rear side of the yoke I4I, engages a pinion I49 on the shaft 4|. A second rack I50, secured to the front of the yoke I4I, engages a pinion I5I on a short shaft I52 journalled in the front. of the casing 28 and carrying an exterior adjusting knob I53. A spring washer 154, disposed between the wall of the casing and the pinion I5I, places a steadying friction on the latter during its rotation.

A sleeve I55, formed on the yoke I4I, extends rearwardly into the cavity 13 in the film magazine 59. A lens barrel I56, containing a projection lens system I51, Figure 1, is slidably mounted in the sleeve I55 in line with a lateral light slot I18 in the wall 14. A shaft I58, journalled in the yoke, carries a worm I59 engaging a concave thread rack I60 cut in the top of the lens barrel. The shaft I58 proje'cts outward through a lateral slot I6I in the front of the casing 20, as shown in Figures 1 and 4, and has fastened to its outer end a knob I 62. By turning the knob I62, the worm I59 may be made to move the lens barrel I56 inward or outward, thus providing an accurate focusing adjustment.

A downwardly inclined mirror I63, Figure 1, is carried by a plug I63a secured in the yoke I in line with the lenses I51. The mirror I63 overlies an aperture I64 in the bottom of the sleeve I55. A lateral support I65, pivotally mounted in the lower front corner of the casing 20, has fastened thereto a rearwardly inclined second mirror I66 below the aperture I64 and first mirror I63. The

outer pivot I61 of the support I64 is: threaded in 9. lug I68 to allow accurate adjustment of the pivotal mounting. A clamping screw I69 is pro- .vided to lock thesupport I65 and hold the mirror fourth mirror I15 is inclined forwardly toward.

a translucent screen I16 secured in the hood 2I near the flared front I11 thereof.

Figure 14 shows a typical strip of standard perforated film 98 having photographed thereon a series of images such as I19 which may show, for instance, successive pages of a telephone book, each page comprising a number of columns I89, I8I, I82 and I83. I

Figure 15 shows a similar strip of film I84 except that the latter contains no perforations and the photographed image I85 may be carried to the extreme edges of the film, thus utilizing the entire width of the latter.

When the film 90 is loaded in the reels 11 and 18 in the magazine 59, the film embraces the revolving lens 58, behind the light slot I18 in which small portions of the columns I8Ill, I8I, I82 and I83 are exposed as shown in Figures 17'and 18. Light from the filament 31 is concentrated by the reflector 32 and directed through the slot 36 in the shield 34 into the cylindrical lens 58. The lens 58 further concentrates the light in a flat beam to brightly, illuminate a single line of a single column on the film. The image of the illuminatlsd line is projected by the lens I51 against the fi st mirror I63 which reflects it downward through the aperture I64 against the-second mirror I66. From the second mirror I86 the image is' reflected horizontally to the third mirror I18, thence vertically to the fourth mirror I15, from which it is reflected to and brought to focus for observation on the translucent screen I16. In its circuit about the device, the image is highly "magnified and being sharply focused by proper adjustment of the lens barrel I56, as previously described, is presented to the observer in large and readily legible form. The pivotal adjustability of the mirrors I66, I10 and I15 permits the image to be centered vertically on the screen, while the lateral angle of the first mirror I63 may be adjusted by turning its supporting plug I63a to center the image horizontally. Due tothe accuratelocation of the magazine 59 by means of the locating pins 69 and screws 66, as previously described, an initial proper adjustment of the mirrors usually renders any subsequent adjustment unnecessary.

As stated above, the image thrown may comprise a single line of a single column. By turning the knob I53, thus revolving-the pinion I5I,

the yoke I4I may be moved laterally in the V- grooves, carrying with it the projection lens assembly which moves in the cavity 13. The rack I48 revolves the pinion I49 and shaft 4|. The pinion 49 in the lamp housing moves the rack 39,. thus moving the plate 25 in the rails 26 and 21. The pinions 49 and I49 have the same pitch diameter, so that the above lateral movement causes the light source, projection lens system and.

first mirror I63 to shift together, the slit of light concentrated by the cylindrical lens traversing I J sired column, the following provision is made:

A plate I86, Figures 1 and 17, is secured to the front of the magazine 69 in line with the film 96, and has formed thereon a series of forwardly protruding detents I81 spaced in line with the various columns on the film. A resilient tongue I88 is secured to the topof the yoke I and has a slot I89 adapted to individually engage the detents I81. As the yoke is traversed to select a column, the resilient tongue presses against the detents I81 and as any column is centered the slot I89 engages the corresponding detent, allowing the tongue to snap inward, therebyretaining the projection system accurately in registry with the column.

The plate I86 carries one or more rows of index figures or characters I99, Figure 17, corresponding to the columns and located above the corresponding detents, and the tongue I88 contains a vertical aperture I9I of single column width through which the index character denoting each column may be viewed when the device is registered with that column. A depressed window I92 in the casing 20 adjacent the slot I9I makes the column indicating character, readily visible to the observer through the front of the device.

The plate I86 on any individual magazine 58 is properly related to the particular film contained therein, and in addition to the column indicia may carry the title of the film and any other desired data.

In case a film is used having a" greater number of columns than the four illustrated in Figures 14, 17'and 18, as for instance when the entire width of unperforated film I84 is utilized as shown in Figure 15, the plate I86 carries a correspondingly greater number of detents. Similarly, if the film carries only one, two or three columns a like number of detents and indicia are provided on the plate to indicate and locate the columns in the manner described.

In. locating the data it is desired to observe, the page may be quickly brought to register by pushing the crank member H6 in, as shown -in full lines in Figure 3, turning the crank to opering thus been rapidly brought to approximate registry, the column may be selected by means of the knob.I53. The crank member is then pulled outward to throw the slow speed gearing into mesh and the knob-shaped hub I29 revolved to bring the desired line into accurate registry by means of the fine feed.

To remove the magazine from the casing 26, the latch H is disengaged and the side plate 69 swung open, the plunger 61 releasing the magazine 59, after which the magazine is withdrawn from the locating pins 68. In removing or inserting the magazine, however, it is necessary that the film 98 be held clear of the revolving lens assembly.

For this purpose, the following provision is made:

An arc-shaped groove I93, shownin Figure 21, is lwated in the inner side of the cover plate 'outer finger grip I9I.

62 of the film magazine adjacent and parallel to the edge of the arcuate depression I2. A runner I94, fitting around the edge of the cover 62, has an inner guide tongue I95 sprung into the groove I93, a curved strip I94a engaging the curved. edge I96 of the cover 62, and. an The runner I94 carries a cross bar I98 spanning the film 90 and having a pad i99 of felt or other suitable fabric adapted to engage the outer surface of the film.

When the runner I94 is swung my means of the external grip I91, to the mid-position, the padded bar I96 retracts the film as shown in Figures 19 and 21. In thisposition, the film 99 is held completely behind the edges of the armate depression I2 so as to clear the cylindrical lens assembly as the magazine 60 is removed from or inserted in the casing 29. When the magazine has been pushed into place on the guide pins 60, the runner I94 is swung to the upper position shown in Figure 1, in which position the padded cross bar I98 is clear of the film when the latter is drawn taut. The first operation of the feeding device draws the film taut into engagement with the cylindrical lens 58.

When in its central position, the finger grip I 91 interferes with the plunger 61 on the side plate 69, preventing the latter from being closed. This provision avoids the possibility of the operator closing and attempting to operate the device without releasing the bar I98 from the film. Similarly, in operating position, the curved strip I94a projects into the opening in the lens bracket 49, as shown in Figure 1, preventing an attempt to withdraw the magazine without retracting the film. A second finger grip 290, Figure 17, secured to the cover plate 62, is cooperative with the movable grip I91 when the latter is in central position, to facilitate handling the magazine.

If desired, the hood 2I may be omitted and the screen [16 mounted directly in the upward extension of the casing 29, in which case the extension may be shaped as shown at 22c, Figure 2.

Also, if desired, the mirror 2III, Figure 2, may

have its reverse surface 2 coated to act as an opaque screen. When the latter opaque screen is to be used the mirror 2I0 is revolved on its pivots and the translucent screen removed. The image may then be viewed directly on the opaque surface in foreshortened relation, the length of the path of projection from the lens being sufiicient to prevent any portion of the image falling sufliclently out of focus to impair its legibility.

When it is desired to use the device, the operator selects the magazine or film book containing the desired information as indicated on the plate I86. The side plate 69 is opened and the magazine inserted as a unit, the pins 60 guiding it accurately into place, after which the film is released from the retracting bar I98 as previously described and the side plate closed.

The proper column is selected by revolving the knob I53 until aperture I91 in the tongue I89 reveals the corresponding character on the plate I86. The light source having been connected to a source of current, the film may then be reeled rapidly upward or downward by means of the single crank H6, using the high speed drive ratio, until the film is brought approximately to the registry desired, after which the low speed ratio is used as a fine adjustment to bring the required data accurately into registered projection on the visual screen. The provision of the low speed feed ratio allows accurate registry to be made with case, which provision is of great importance due to the microscopic size of the characters on the film in the case, for instance, of telephone directory data or the like.

It will be noted that the heat from the light source is conducted out of the side of the casing through the upper louvers 68, the shield 34 absorbing the greater part of the heat and delivering it to air stream admitted through the lower louvers 41. Thus the entire path of projection is substantially clear of heat from the light source, avoiding distortion and fluctuation of the image due to atmospheric heat waves, a quality of importance in the projection of microscopic print and the like, especially in the earlier stages of projection which in the present invention lie ahead of and below the lamp housing.

By shifting the light source in synchronism with the projection lens, as previously described, it is made possible to concentrate the light on only the small area of film being projected, so that a relatively small lamp may be used with resultant saving in cost and small development of heat.

From the foregoing description it is obvious that the device comprises a compact and convenient reference projector adapted to give a large magnification within a small space. It is further obvious that the magazines for use therein constitute compact film books, each permanently containing its own film record and carrying externally the appropriate title and other data. The film is protected by the magazine closure from dust and injury, and no contact with the operator's fingers is necessary at any time. Furthermore, as the surface of the film in its motion in the projector is guided entirely by rolling contact, and as no sprockets are used for driving, the film is kept substantially free from wear, allowing its use over a long period of time.

The frictional torque release in the driving hubs 98 and 99, as previously noted, protects the film from rupture when entirely unwound from either reel. As each magazine carries its own detents I81 permanently located in line with the corresponding columns on the film contained therein, the proper registry of the column for projection is not dependent on any spacing provision in the projector itself, and different films may have different members of columns arranged in any desired spacing across their width, without altering in any way the ease and accuracy of the column selection in the projector.

The use of the single lever driving means, operable in either direction to wind the film on the proper reel while releasing the other, avoids inconvenience and the possibility of fouling or tangling the film such as may result when separate driving means are used for the two reels. The driving of the unwinding reel directly by the film itself also prevents any possibility of unwinding reel revolving at improper speed.

In the modified form of projector shown in Figures 22 and 23, the casing 2 I 2 has a rearwardly inclined front wall 2I3 in which is secured the translucent screen 2I4. A chassis or frame 2I5, having formed on its forward end a lamp housing 216 provided with a top cover 2", is

secured in the casing 2I2 by means of brackets 2I8 having'upwardly directed rails 2| 9 which serve as locating guides for the film magazine 220 disposed thereon above the chassis and parallel to the bottom plate 22I thereof. A removable top closure plate 2I2a is provided in the casing 2I2.

The lamp housing 256 protrudes forwardly through a set-back portion 222 of the front wall and contains ai1amp223, a reflector 224 and acondensing lens system 225. e

The magazine 220- is of substantially the constructioii already described except that the cen-: tral opening 226 therethrough is large enough to allow light from the lamp 223 and condensing lens 225 to illuminate a longer extent of the film 221, on which inrages' of complete pages of books or the like may be arranged with their vertical dimensions transversely of the film. The film 221- is prerhanently secured to reels 228 and 229 in the manner previously described, and runs over guide rollers 236 and 23!.

A bracket 23% on the rear end of the chassi 2l5 carries an" upwardly directed pin 233 on which is rotatably mouhted a fiimguid or drum 234 comprising a head 235 and a cylindrical rim 236 of glass or other suitable transparent material adapted to engage and position the film 221 as shown in Figure 23, the film embracing the periphery of the rim 236 throughout a substantial arc.

and 239, extending into the drum 234. A yoke 246 shown in detail in Figure 24, is slidably mounted onthe rods 238 and 23.9 and carries a projection lens 2 disposed in line with the area 242 of the film 221 which is in contact with the rim 236 and illuminated by the light source.

A downwardly inclined 'mirror 243 is attached to the bracket 240 in line with the lens 24l. The lens 2 is adapted'to receive an image from the illuminated area 242 of the film through the transparent rim 236, and tc projectgthe image against the mirror 243 which reflects it to a larger inclined mirror 244 secured in the lower part of the casing 212. The. large 'mirror 244 in turn refieets the image to the screen 2 H where it may be viewed by the reader.

The film inay carry a number of images of pages arranged one above the other across: its width. The yoke 240 has a, downward extension 245 111'.WhlCh'lS secured a pin 246. iAn arm 241 having a, forked end 248 engaging the pm 246, is securedto a sleeve or hcilow shaft 249 journalled on the chassis 215 extending outward through the front 6f the casing 212 and carrying an external hand wheel 258. A second lever 25! attached to sleeve 249 is connected by a link 252 to one arm 253 of a bell crank 254 pivctally secured to a lug 255 on the chassis-2l5.

The second arm 255 of the bell 'crank 254 has 'a slotted end engaging a. pm 251 irra flat memher 258 which is slidably guided in a substantially vertical guide 259. The member 258.car-. ries at its upper en il a lateral pointer 260 adapted to indicate characters 26l on a plate 262 secured to the front of the magazine 220, as shown in Figure 23 and Figure 24. a

By turning the hand wheel the sleeve 2452 may be rocked, causing the arm 241 to move the yoke 248upward or downward on the irods 236 and 239, thus moving the lens across the film 221. At the same time, the bell crank 254, actuated by the link 252 and lever 25l, moves the pointer 260 to indicate the character 261 corresponding with the column or page on the film in registry with the lens 24!, A window 263 in the front bf the casing 212 permits the operator to observe the "pointer and characters and thus select fori-pro- A second bracket 231 slidably attached to the chassis 2l5 carries a pair of upright rods 238 drive for the latter.

scribed, except that due to the horizontal disposal of the fiim the selection is made in an upward and downward line instead of horizontaliy.

A shaft 264, journalled in the sleeve 249 and rotatable independently thereof by means of an exterior knob or button 265, carries a worm 266, the sleeve 249 being cut aways at 261 to provide clearance. The WOIIE 266 meshes with teeth 268 on one end of a lever. 269 pivoted at ,2-18 to the chassis 215, the other end 2' of the lever being forked to engage a pin 212 in the base of the bracket 231... By turning the button 265 the worm 266 may be made to swing the lever 269,

and slide the bracket 231 onthe chassis 2 15, thus providing focusing adjustment for the projection lens 241.

A large driving gear 213 is secured on a shaft 214 journalled in the chassis 2l5. Carrier plates 215 and 216, rotatabiy mounted on the shaft 214 above and below the gear 213, carry pinions 211 and 218, Figeres 22 and 23, meshing with gear 213 and adaptcd to selectively mesh with pinions;219 and 288 on driving hubs 28| and 282 in the manner previously described in connectign with Figures 6, 7 and 10, the torsion spring 283 being provided as in Figure 10 tozgenerate the friction necessary to swing the carrier and pinions as a unit. .1

A bevel gear 284 on the lower end of shaft 214 meshes with a similar gear 285 on a horizontal shaft 286 journalled' in downward extensions 281 ports just mentioned are omitted and the rotative parts areeshown diagrammatically in order to clarify the operation of the device. A shaft 296.

slidably mounted in the supports 294 and 295, Figure 25, and extending outward through the side of casing 212, carries an external crank 291. A pinion 298, secured to'the shaft 296, is adapted to mesh with the large gear 292 to drive the latter at greatly reduced speed when the crank 291 is revolved.- When the shaft 296 is slid inward, the

pinion 295 releases the large gear 292 and meshes with the 'splined interior 299 of a. gear 380 rotatably retained by the support 294. The gear 380 is in mesh with a-gear 31 secured to the pulley 29l, thereby providing a second er higher speed When the pulley 291 is revolved by the crank 291 through either the high or low gear ratio dacribed, the belt 296, .nulley 289, shaft 286 and bevel gear 286 and 284 transmit the motion to the shaft 214 and large gear 213 'I'hehubs have the splined 10866 302 and 303 engaging the film reels in the H manner previously described.

It will be seen that the operatiein of the driving 7 device is substantially the same as described in connection with Figures 6, 7 and 10 except that the automaticfreversing drive mechanism and ivenient location to the operating crank.;

In operation the cover 2|2a of the casing 212 is removed and the film magazine inserted from above, after which the cover is replaced and the projector operated as ;previousiy. described, the

'image from the fllm being projected in greatly enlarged dimension on the translucent screen 2. If desired, an opaque screen 304, Figure 22, may

, be used instead of the mirror 2, in which case the translucent screen 214 is removed and the image viewed directly in foreshortened relation on the opaque screen. 1 I

The lamp housing H6 and its cover 241 are ribbed in order to radiate heat, and ventilating holes 305, Figure 22, are disposed in the cover between the ribs 306, the latter ribs preventing light from shining forwardly toward the observer.

By removing the belt 290 and loosening the brackets 2I8, the chassis 2l5 with its attached parts may be removed as a unit from the casing M2, thus providing a. complete projecting unit easily installed in different types and shapes of casings.

While the invention has been described in preferred form it is not limited to the exact structures illustrated, as various modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In a projector, in combination, -a casing, a light source adapted to project a beam of light in said casing, a removable unitary film magazine in said casing including a housing having aligned apertures therein through which said light beam may pass and including a film secured in said magazine in the path of said beam, a rotatable film guide engaging said film throughout the entire width thereof to position the same for projection, a projection lens positioned in the emer-- gent beam from said filmand adapted to receive an image'therefrom through the aperture in said magazine and to project said image, a screen adapted to display a visual image disposed outside the optical axis of said lens and supported on said casing, and means inthe emergent beam from said lens to reflect said image to said screen, the patl'; of said projection passing under said light source.

2. In a projector including a main casing, a light source and an objective lens, afilm magazine positioned in said main casing and comprising a secondary casing, having a passage extending therethrough to permit a beam of light to pass from said source to said lens, a pair of reels in said magazine, a film terminally secured to said reels and spanning said passage,means associated with said main casing and engaged by' said reels when said magazine is positioned in said main casing for selectively driving said reels, whereby said film may be moved from either reel to the other, a transparent film guide positioned in said main casing in cooperative relation with said magazine and adapted to position 'said film whereby successive portions thereof may be illuminated by said light source, said guide fiulhaving a contact surface engaging said portions able therein whereby said film may rotate said guide by frictional contact therewith.

4. In a projector, in combination, a casing, a screen in said casing and visible from the exterior thereof, a film in said casing, a transparent rotatable film guide peripherally engaging said film throughout the entire width of -said film, means to prevent axial movement of said guide, means including a projection lens to project an image within said casing from the portion of said film in contact with said transparent guide to said screen, means to move said film longitudinally, and means to shift said lens across said film.

5. A projector as claimed in claim 4 wherein the film has a plurality of columns of characters arranged side by side across the surface thereof, said lens has means connected thereto and extending outside said casing whereby said lens can be moved to register with said columns for individual projection therefrom.

6. In a projector, in combination, a casing, a screen in said casing and visible from the exterior thereof, a film in said casing, a rotatable cylindrical member of transparent material peripherally engaging said film whereby said film may be supported by said material throughout the entire width of said film, means to prevent axial movement of said cylindrical member, a projection lens in said casing and adapted to project an image from an area of said film in contact with said cylindrical member to said screen, the lateral extent of said area comprising a fraction'of the width of said film, a light source adapted to illuminate said area, and common means to shift said lens and said light source laterally of said film.

7. In a projector, in combination, a main casing, a movable film in said casing, a laterally movable support in said casing, aprojection lens mounted on said support adapted to project an image from an area of said film, the lateral extent of said area comprising a fraction of the width of said film, a projection aperture, a rotatable cylindrical lens engaging said film to position the same at the said projection aperture, a laterally movable support, a light source on said support in said main casing adapted to illuminate said film area through said cylindrical lens at said aperture, and common means including a shaft extending outside said main casing and connected to said supports to move the same and thereby shift said projection lens and light source thereon together laterally of said film 'to project different columns on said film upon a screen.

8. The combination claimed in claim 7 in cluding means including reels engaging said film and a shaft connected to one of said reels and extending outside said main casing to move said film longitudinally, said cylindrical lens being rotatable by said film.

9. In a projector, in combination, a casing, a film in said casing, a transparent cylindrical film guide frictionally engaged by and adapted to be rotated by said film, means in said casing for moving said film, a projection aperture in said casing, a light source adapted to illuminate an area of said film in line with said projection aperture, 2, projection lens adapted to project an image from said area, a mirror in line with said lens and adapted to reflect said image downward, said mirror being rotatably adjustable about the optical axis of said projection lens, the distance between said film guide and said mirror being fixed, a second mirror adapted to 'refiect said image rearwardly in said casing, a third mirror in the rear of said casing and adapted to refiect said image upwardly, a fourth mirror adapted to refiect said image forwardly, and a translucent screen adapted to receive said image from said fourth mirror.

10. In a projector, in combination, a casing, a projection aperture formed in said casing, a

film in said casing, means to move said film longitudinally across the projection light beam at said aperture, said film being imperforate throughout the effective length thereof, a projection lens adapted to project an image from ,an area of said film, the lateral extent of said area comprising a fraction of the width of said film, a rotatable cylindrical lens engaging said film to guide the same across the said projection aperture, a light source adapted to i]- luminate said film area of the projection aperture, through said cylindrical lens, and common reels, said film having a plurality of columns of data in spaced relation across the width thereof and movable across said apertures, means including a light source and a projection lens in optical alignment with said apertures to conjointly selectively project an image from each of said columns to said screen, the light from said source passing through apertures of said magazine casing and the film therein, 'maniial means operable from the exterior of said casing to pre-select the column for projection, means visible from the exterior of said .casing to indicate said presselected column, and manually operable means on the exterior of said casing ineluding a single handle to drive said film longitudinally in either direction past said apertures in said casing.

12. A projector as claimed in claim 11 wherein said indicating means includes indicia on said magazine casing indicating the corresponding order to said columns on said film.

13. A projector as claimed in claim 11 wherein said magazine casing and 'said film are removable from said casing as a unit.

14. A projector as claimed in claim 11 wherein said driving means includes a change speed device selectively operable by said handle to drive said film in said magazine at either of two different speed ratios. 7

15. In a projector, in combination, a substantially dust-tight casing, a film magazine in said casing, a pair of reels in said magazine, a film wound on said reels and terminally attached thereto, a transparent film guide in said casing and cooperative with said magazine to position said film, said magazine, reels and filrn being adapted to be unitarily removed from and in-- serted in said casing, a pair of driving hubs in said casing and adapted to be engaged by said amuse reels upon insertion of said magazine, means to selectively drive said hubs inopposite direc-, tions whereby said film 'may be moved, and means tohold said film clear of said guide during insertion and removal of said magazine whereby manual contact with said film may be avoided.

.16. Ina projector, in combination, a substantially dust-tight casing, a translucentscreen forming a part of a wall of said casing, a removable film magazine having aligned apertures therethrough and positioned in said casing, a film in said magazine, said magazine and film being removable as a unit from said casing,

a light source in said casing and adapted to illuminate an area on said film through said aligned apertures, means to project an image from said area throughout an angular path through said apertures within said casing to said screen whereby said image may be'substantially enlarged, the light from said source passing through said magazine, and ventilating means to remove heat from said light source, the path of said removed heat being clear oie said path of projection whereby distortion of said image may be avoided. a V

17. In a projector, in combination, a casing having an inclined front wall, a..translucent screen in said wall, a lamn'housing above said screen, a lamp in said housing, a film magazine in said casing, said magazine including an apertured casing whereby the beam of light may pass therethrough to illuminate the film therein, a film in said magazine, a hollow cylindrical film guide in said casing and cooperative with said magazine to position said film, said guide having a transparent circumferential rim engaging said film throughout the width thereof and said guide being rotatable thereby, a condensing lens, said lamp and condensing lens being cooperative to illuminate'an area of said film through said magazine, a pro- 1 said frame and containing a film, a transparent film guide rotatably mounted on said frame and cooperative with said magazine to position said film through said magazine, a light source insaid housing and adapted to illuminate an area of said film, and means attached to said frame to project an imagefrom said area, said frame, housing, light source, magazine, film guide and projecting means being removable as a unit from said casing. n

' VERNEUR E. PRA'I'I.

ZOLTAN TAKATS. 

